Description of changes:
Onboarding ADOT Java to v2.x, with the latest opentelemetry-java-instrumentation dependency version v2.10.0. Update the workflows, adot core implementation codes, contract tests and smoke tests with following change:
A. Workflows:

1. Update .github/patches/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation.patch file with the same code change as previous patch based on upstream v2.10.0.
2. Upgrade contract testing build env with JDK 23.

B. Core repo:

1. Upgrade com.github.johnrengelman.shadow to com.gradleup.shadow as it has been marked under maintenance mode: https://github.com/GradleUp/shadow?tab=readme-ov-file#gradle-shadow
2. Upgrade to new ktlint version 1.4.0, and apply latest spotless format.
3. Upgrade gradle to 8.10
4. Upgrade com.diffplug.spotless to newer version 6.25.0
5. Upgrade com.google.cloud.tools.jib to newer version 3.4.4
6. Update the unit test to check the migrated semantic conventions.
7. AWS Resource detector is set as disabled by default, enable it by setting environment variable "otel.resource.providers.aws.enabled" to be true.

C. Contract tests:

1. Use the latest kotlin("jvm") version to be compatible if the new Java class from upstream.
2. Add OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL to grpc for instrumentation as in version v2.0.0:

The default OTLP protocol has been changed from grpc to http/protobuf in orderto align with the specification.

3. Update tomcat contract test TOMCAT_THREADS metric threshold to -2, as the value can be negative by tomcat design.
4. Update the test classes to migrate to the new semantic conventions to match with upstream latest change:
   a. All the change made in Support new semantice conventions. #972:
   http.url -> url.full
http.method -> http.request.method
http.status_code -> http.response.status_code
net.peer.name -> server.address
net.peer.port -> server.port
   b. extra semantic conventions included in contract tests:
   http.scheme -> url.scheme
http.target -> url.query
http.url -> url.full
net.host.name -> server.address
net.host.port -> server.port
net.peer.name -> server.address
net.peer.port -> server.port
net.protocol.name -> network.protocol.name
net.protocol.version -> network.protocol.version
net.sock.host.addr -> network.local.address
net.sock.host.port -> network.local.port
net.sock.peer.addr -> network.peer.address
net.sock.peer.name -> no replacement, removed
   messaging.kafka.destination.partition -> messaging.destination.partition.id
messaging.message.payload_size_bytes -> messaging.message.body.size
   Remove network.protocol.name attribute check as it has marked as Conditionally required if not http and network.protocol.version is set: https://opentelemetry.io/blog/2023/http-conventions-declared-stable/#summary-of-changes.
   Conditionally check peer.service for http client. Match with PR: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/pull/12083/files
   Remove local socket attributes from http server span check as it is not extracted from HttpServerAttributesExtractor code,
   Remove http.response.header.content_length as it need an explicit configuration: https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/attributes-registry/http/#http-response-header

D. Smoke tests
Enable controller telemetry using env variable OTEL_INSTRUMENTATION_COMMON_EXPERIMENTAL_CONTROLLER_TELEMETRY_ENABLED, which is disabled by default.
https://opentelemetry.io/docs/zero-code/java/agent/disable/#suppressing-controller-andor-view-spans

Testing:

1. All contract tests and smoke tests passed.
2. All workflow passed.
3. Tested all E2E tests (This E2E test PR need to be merged after ADOT Java v2.x released):

• EC2: https://github.com/aws-observability/aws-application-signals-test-framework/actions/runs/12378967612
• EKS: https://github.com/aws-observability/aws-application-signals-test-framework/actions/runs/12382416662
• K8S: https://github.com/aws-observability/aws-application-signals-test-framework/actions/runs/12378972156
• ECS: https://github.com/aws-observability/aws-application-signals-test-framework/actions/runs/12378968843

4. Audit all upstream v2.0.0 - v2.10.0 change logs and manual did E2E test and compared the traces, logs, metrics for Java v1.x vs Java v2.x:

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.